Meandrina

Meandrina is a genus of colonial stony corals in the family Meandrinidae. These corals are commonly known as brain corals due to their characteristic grooved, brain-like surface. Meandrina species are found in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.

Meandrina brasiliensis

Characteristics

Meandrina corals are characterized by their large, massive colonies that can reach several meters in diameter. Their polyps are arranged in a series of winding, interconnected valleys, forming a network of grooves and ridges that resemble the convolutions of a brain. These grooves are called "meanders," hence the genus name.

The polyps themselves are typically small and have six or eight tentacles. They are also known for their striking color patterns, which can range from brown, gray, and tan to shades of orange, green, and yellow. These colors are often due to symbiotic algae known as zooxanthellae that live within their tissues.

Environment

Meandrina corals are found in shallow, clear, and warm waters. They prefer habitats with strong wave action and abundant sunlight, which is essential for the survival of their symbiotic algae. They can be found growing on reefs, rocks, and other hard substrates.

Species

The genus Meandrina includes several species, some of the most common include:

  • Meandrina meandrites: The most widespread and common brain coral species.
  • Meandrina labyrinthiformis: Also known as the "labyrinth coral," this species has a more intricate network of grooves than M. meandrites.
  • Meandrina fragilis: A less common species with a more delicate and fragile appearance.

Threats

Like many other coral species, Meandrina corals are facing numerous threats, including:

  • Climate change and ocean acidification: These factors are causing coral bleaching and disease outbreaks, which can kill colonies.
  • Pollution: Runoff from land-based sources can introduce harmful pollutants into the water, stressing coral populations.
  • Overfishing: The removal of herbivorous fish can lead to an overgrowth of algae that can smother corals.
  • Physical damage: Corals can be damaged by boat anchors, fishing gear, and other human activities.

Conservation

Efforts to conserve Meandrina corals include:

  • Establishing marine protected areas to limit human activities in sensitive coral habitats.
  • Promoting sustainable fishing practices.
  • Educating the public about the importance of coral reefs and the threats they face.
  • Supporting research on coral resilience and restoration.

References