Malacalcyonacea

The Malacalcyonacea is an order of sponges belonging to the class Calcarea. This order encompasses a diverse group of sponges, primarily characterized by their unique skeletal structure, which features a specific type of spicule known as malacanthid spicules. These sponges are often found in marine environments, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region.

Venus Sea Fan, Venus’ Fan, Common Sea Fan – Gorgonia flabellum

Soft Coral – Unomia stolonifera

Red Soft Tree Coral – Dendronephthya hemprichi

White Disc Soft Coral – Discophyton rudyi

White Eye Sea Spray – Thesea nivea

Sclerophytum gravis

Xenia – Sympodium gibbaeum

Soft Coral – Sympodium caeruleum

Yellow Leather Coral – Sarcophyton elegans

Rumphella torta

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Common Names

There are no common names specifically assigned to the Malacalcyonacea order.

Characteristics

Malacalcyonacea sponges are distinguished by the presence of malacanthid spicules. These spicules have a specific morphology, characterized by their long, slender shape with a pointed tip. They are often arranged in bundles or fascicles within the sponge's skeleton, contributing to the overall structure and support of the organism.

In addition to malacanthid spicules, Malacalcyonacea sponges may also exhibit other types of spicules, including triaxon spicules. These spicules have three axes of symmetry, forming a three-dimensional structure. The presence and arrangement of different spicule types vary depending on the species within the order.

Environments

Malacalcyonacea sponges are primarily found in marine environments, with a distribution that spans various regions, including the Indo-Pacific. They typically inhabit shallow to deep-water habitats, depending on the specific species. Some species are found in association with coral reefs, while others prefer soft substrates.

References

For further information on Malacalcyonacea sponges, refer to the following reliable sources: