Macropharyngodon
Macropharyngodon is a genus of wrasses, a family of fishes in the order Perciformes. The genus contains 14 species, all found in the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific. The species of Macropharyngodon are known for their vibrant colors and intricate patterns, making them popular among marine aquarium enthusiasts.
Common Names
The common names for species of Macropharyngodon vary depending on the species and region. Some common names include:
- Fairy Wrasse
- Rainbow Wrasse
- Dragon Wrasse
- Purple-spotted Wrasse
Characteristics
Species of Macropharyngodon are generally small to medium-sized fish, typically reaching lengths of 10-20 cm. They have elongated bodies with a distinctive hump just behind the head. They have small mouths with protruding lips, and their teeth are adapted for scraping algae from rocks. They also possess a unique feature known as a "pharyngeal jaw," which is a second set of jaws in the throat that helps them grind up their food. Most species are brightly colored with intricate patterns, often featuring bands, stripes, or spots. The colors and patterns vary greatly between species, and even within a species, individuals can have different coloration depending on their age, sex, and location.
Environments
Species of Macropharyngodon are typically found in shallow, coral-rich reefs, often in areas with strong currents. They are often found in association with sea urchins, where they feed on algae growing on the urchin's spines. They are also known to feed on small invertebrates, including crustaceans and mollusks. Macropharyngodon species are mostly diurnal and active during the day, spending their nights in crevices or under rocks.