Lophiiformes
Lophiiformes, commonly known as anglerfishes, are an order of primarily marine fish that are characterized by their unique appearance and predatory habits. These fish inhabit a wide range of depths, from shallow coastal waters to the abyssal depths of the ocean. Anglerfishes are notable for their distinctive fishing rod structure, which is modified from the first dorsal fin spine and lures prey with a fleshy, bioluminescent esca.
Common Names
Lophiiformes are commonly referred to as anglerfishes, but other names include:
- Frogfishes
- Goosefishes
- Monkfishes
Characteristics
Anglerfishes exhibit a number of defining characteristics, including:
- A large, flattened head with a wide mouth
- A highly modified first dorsal fin spine that acts as a lure (esca)
- Bioluminescent lures in some species, used to attract prey in the dark depths
- A flexible, hinged jaw that allows them to swallow prey larger than their own head
- A wide range of body shapes and sizes, from small, bottom-dwelling species to large, deep-sea giants
Environments
Anglerfishes are found in all the world's oceans, inhabiting a wide range of environments, including:
- Coastal waters
- Continental shelves
- Abyssal depths
- Tropical and temperate regions