Littorinidae
The Littorinidae are a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Littorinoidea. They are commonly known as periwinkles, winkles, or nassa mud snails. These snails are often found in intertidal zones, clinging to rocks and seaweeds.
Characteristics
Littorinidae are characterized by their conical shells, which can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. The shells are typically smooth or slightly ribbed, and they may be brightly colored or dull. They have a distinct operculum, a tough, plate-like structure that closes the opening of the shell when the snail retracts its body.
Environments
Littorinidae are found worldwide in a variety of marine habitats. They are most common in intertidal zones, where they are exposed to both air and water. They are also found in subtidal zones and even in freshwater environments. Some species can tolerate a wide range of salinity and temperature fluctuations, making them adaptable to diverse environments.
Common Names
Many members of the Littorinidae family are commonly known as "periwinkles" or "winkles." Some specific examples include:
- Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea)
- Rough periwinkle (Littorina saxatilis)
- Flat periwinkle (Littorina obtusata)
- Yellow periwinkle (Littorina obtusata)
- Gray periwinkle (Littorina littoralis)
- Striped periwinkle (Littorina striata)
Taxonomy
The Littorinidae family contains several genera and subfamilies, including:
- Littorina (including Littorinopsis)
- Lacuna
- Melarhaphe
- Austrolittorina
- Echinolittorina
- Nodilittorina
- Skenea
- Alvania
- Rissoa
- Cingula
- Setia
The Littorinidae are an important part of the marine ecosystem, serving as a food source for many animals, including fish, crabs, and birds. They also play a role in the breakdown of organic matter and the cycling of nutrients.
References
For more information on the Littorinidae family, please refer to the following resources: