Lagocephalus
Lagocephalus is a genus of pufferfish, commonly known as “pufferfish,” “blowfish,” “globefish,” and “toadfish.” These fish are characterized by their ability to inflate their bodies with water or air when threatened, making them appear much larger and deterring potential predators. They are found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, inhabiting various marine environments, from shallow coastal areas to deeper waters.
Characteristics
Members of the genus Lagocephalus share several distinctive characteristics. They are typically stout and have a rounded body shape. Most species have a short, blunt snout and small, inconspicuous eyes. Their most recognizable feature is their ability to inflate their bodies with water or air, which is achieved by swallowing large amounts of water and expanding their stomach. This inflation creates a large, spherical body that can be quite intimidating. Their skin is often smooth and may be covered in small spines. They lack a true dorsal fin, with only a small, fleshy flap present.
Environment
Lagocephalus species are found in a wide variety of marine habitats, including:
- Coastal waters
- Shallow reefs
- Seagrass beds
- Deep-sea environments
Notable Species
There are several notable species within the genus Lagocephalus, including:
- Lagocephalus laevigatus (Smooth pufferfish): A large species that can reach up to 1 meter in length, found in the Atlantic Ocean.
- Lagocephalus sceleratus (Black-spotted pufferfish): A highly invasive species that has spread rapidly throughout the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
- Lagocephalus inermis (Whitespotted pufferfish): A common species found in the Indo-Pacific region, known for its distinctive white spots.
Toxicity
All species of Lagocephalus contain a potent neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin (TTX). This toxin is concentrated in their liver, ovaries, and intestines, and can be fatal if ingested. The toxin blocks sodium channels in nerve cells, preventing the transmission of nerve impulses.