Iphionidae
The Iphionidae are a family of mantis shrimps, crustaceans of the order Stomatopoda. They are found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide and are known for their unique morphology and predatory behavior. Their distinctive features include a pair of powerful raptorial appendages, which they use to strike their prey with incredible force.
Common Names
Iphionid mantis shrimps are commonly referred to as "spearers" due to their hunting technique, which involves impaling their prey with sharp, pointed appendages. They are also sometimes known as "thumb-splitters" because of their powerful claws, capable of inflicting serious wounds on humans.
Characteristics
Iphionidae have several notable characteristics that distinguish them from other mantis shrimp families:
- Raptors: Their most distinctive feature is their pair of raptorial appendages, which are highly specialized for striking prey. These appendages are equipped with a spear-like structure, known as a "spear," that is used to impale and capture prey.
- Body Shape: Iphionidae have a relatively slender, elongated body shape compared to other mantis shrimp families. They are typically compressed laterally, meaning they are flattened from side to side.
- Coloration: Iphionid mantis shrimps exhibit a wide range of colors and patterns, which can vary depending on species and habitat. They often have bright, striking coloration, which may serve as camouflage or for signaling.
Environments
Iphionid mantis shrimps are primarily found in tropical and subtropical marine environments. They inhabit a variety of habitats, including coral reefs, seagrass beds, and rocky shores. They are typically found in shallow waters, but some species can occur at depths of up to 100 meters or more.
References
WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species
Systematics of the Mantis Shrimp Family Iphionidae (Crustacea: Stomatopoda)