Hormathiidae
Hormathiidae is a family of sea anemones in the order Actiniaria. They are commonly known as “hormathiid anemones” or “tube anemones.” Hormathiid anemones are distinguished by their cylindrical body shape, which is often elongated and slender. They have a single, prominent oral disc surrounded by numerous tentacles. These tentacles are typically arranged in a spiral pattern and can be quite long, giving the anemone a distinctive appearance. They are typically brightly colored, exhibiting a range of hues such as red, orange, green, and purple. The tentacles are covered in nematocysts, which are stinging cells used to capture prey and defend against predators.
Distribution and Habitat
Hormathiid anemones are found in a variety of marine environments, including shallow coastal waters, coral reefs, and deep sea environments. They are typically found attached to rocks, corals, or other hard substrates. Some species are also known to burrow into soft sediments. Their distribution is primarily in tropical and subtropical waters, although some species are found in temperate regions.
Characteristics
Key characteristics of Hormathiidae include:
- Cylindrical body shape, often elongated and slender
- Single, prominent oral disc with numerous tentacles
- Spiral arrangement of tentacles
- Long tentacles often exceeding body length
- Brightly colored, with a variety of hues
- Nematocysts on tentacles for prey capture and defense
Ecology
Hormathiid anemones are carnivores, feeding primarily on small invertebrates such as crustaceans, polychaetes, and fish. They capture prey using their stinging tentacles. They are important members of their respective marine ecosystems, serving as food sources for other organisms and providing shelter and protection for smaller animals.
Examples of Hormathiidae Species
Notable examples of Hormathiidae species include:
- Hormathia digitata (Fingered tube anemone)
- Hormathia coronata (Crown tube anemone)
- Stichodactyla tapetum (Carpet anemone)
- Entacmaea quadricolor (Bubble-tip anemone)
References
For further information, refer to the following resources: