Hepatus
Hepatus is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, commonly known as “mud crabs.” These crabs are found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region. They are characterized by their relatively small size, often less than 10 cm across the carapace, and their distinctive carapace shape, which is usually wider than it is long. Their coloration varies widely, with many species exhibiting bright colors and patterns.
Common Names
Crabs belonging to the genus Hepatus are commonly called "mud crabs" due to their preference for muddy and sandy substrates in intertidal and shallow water environments. Some species may also be known by more specific names, such as the "ocellated mud crab" (Hepatus epheliticus) and the "black-spotted mud crab" (Hepatus pudibundus).
Characteristics
Hepatus crabs are characterized by the following features:
- Carapace: Relatively small, usually wider than long, with a smooth or slightly granular surface.
- Eyes: Prominent and located on stalks.
- Antennae: Short and inconspicuous.
- Chelae (claws): Moderately sized, with sharp teeth on the edges.
- Legs: Five pairs of walking legs, the last pair often flattened and paddle-like.
- Color: Varies depending on the species, but often includes shades of brown, orange, yellow, and red.
- Size: Typically less than 10 cm across the carapace.
Environment
Hepatus crabs inhabit a variety of coastal environments, including:
- Intertidal zones: Areas between high and low tide marks.
- Shallow water: Subtidal areas, usually less than 10 meters deep.
- Muddy and sandy substrates: They prefer soft, sediment-rich bottoms.
- Mangrove forests: Some species are found in the roots and undergrowth of mangrove trees.
References
For more information on Hepatus crabs, consult the following sources: