Haplosclerida

Common Names

Sponges belonging to the order Haplosclerida are commonly referred to as simple-spicule sponges or haplosclerid sponges. These names reflect the fact that they typically lack complex spicule structures found in other sponge orders.

Characteristics

The following are key characteristics of Haplosclerida:

• Siliceous Spicules: Haplosclerid sponges possess siliceous spicules, which are microscopic, needle-like structures that provide structural support. These spicules are generally simple in form, with either one or a few points.
• Absence of a Fiber Network: Unlike some other sponge orders, Haplosclerida lack a well-developed network of fibers called spongin. Spongin is a protein that helps to bind spicules together and create a more robust skeleton.
• Variety of Shapes: Haplosclerida come in a diverse array of shapes, ranging from encrusting, thin sheets to erect, vase-shaped forms. Some species may even form large, branching structures.
• Various Colors: These sponges exhibit a wide range of colors, including red, yellow, green, and brown. Their color can vary depending on the species and their environment.

Environments

Haplosclerida are found in a variety of marine environments, including:

• Shallow Reefs: Many Haplosclerida species thrive in shallow, tropical reef environments. These sponges often grow on coral, rocks, and other hard substrates.
• Deep-Sea Trenches: Some Haplosclerida species are adapted to life in deep-sea trenches, where they may be found on the seafloor or even attached to deep-sea vents.
• Freshwater Lakes: While most sponges are marine, a few Haplosclerida species are found in freshwater lakes and ponds.

References

For more information about Haplosclerida, please refer to the following resources:

• World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)
• National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
• Wikipedia