Gymnuridae
The Gymnuridae are a family of batoid fishes containing the two species of oceanic manta rays, Manta birostris and Manta alfredi. These fish are classified within the order Myliobatiformes, which also includes the eagle rays, stingrays, and guitarfishes. Oceanic manta rays are the largest of all rays, with wingspans reaching up to 7 meters (23 feet). They are found in tropical and subtropical waters around the world, and are known for their graceful movements and acrobatic displays.
Common Names
Oceanic manta rays are also known as giant manta rays, manta rays, or simply mantas. The name manta comes from the Spanish word for blanket, referring to the ray's large, wing-like pectoral fins.
Characteristics
Oceanic manta rays are characterized by their:
- Large, triangular pectoral fins, which give them their distinctive wing-like appearance
- Two cephalic fins, or horns, that extend from the front of the head and can be used to funnel food into the mouth
- A large, terminal mouth that is filled with rows of small, bristle-like teeth
- Gill slits on the ventral (bottom) surface of the body
- A pair of dorsal fins near the tail
- A whip-like tail, which lacks a stinging spine
Environment
Oceanic manta rays are pelagic animals, meaning that they live in the open ocean. They are found in both coastal and oceanic waters, and prefer warm, tropical and subtropical regions. Their diet consists primarily of plankton, which they filter out of the water with their gill rakers. Manta rays are migratory animals, and may travel thousands of miles during their lifetime.