Gonodactylidae
Gonodactylidae is a family of stomatopod crustaceans commonly known as mantis shrimps. These fascinating marine invertebrates are renowned for their powerful, club-like appendages that they use to strike with incredible force, capable of breaking aquarium glass and even crushing the shells of mollusks. They are found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, inhabiting coral reefs, seagrass beds, and rocky shores.
Common Names
While "mantis shrimp" is the most widely used common name, these crustaceans also go by other names like "thumb-splitter," "sea locust," and "spearer." The name "mantis shrimp" stems from their resemblance to praying mantises, particularly their forward-facing eyes and predatory nature.
Characteristics
Gonodactylids are characterized by their distinctive, raptorial appendages, known as "smashers" or "spearers." These appendages are used to deliver lightning-fast strikes, with speeds reaching 50 mph. Their powerful punches are capable of generating cavitation bubbles that produce shockwaves powerful enough to stun or kill prey.
Other key characteristics include:
- Elongated, compressed bodies
- Large, forward-facing eyes with complex vision
- A pair of antennae
- A variety of colors and patterns, often used for camouflage or signaling
- Size ranging from a few centimeters to over 40 cm in length
Environments
Gonodactylids are found in a variety of marine habitats, including:
- Coral reefs
- Seagrass beds
- Rocky shores
- Mangrove forests
They are primarily found in shallow, tropical and subtropical waters, but some species can be found at depths of over 100 meters.
References
For further information on Gonodactylidae, refer to the following reliable online resources: