Geodiidae
Geodiidae is a family of sponges belonging to the order Astrophorida. They are commonly known as “basket sponges” due to their characteristic, often intricately branched, basket-like forms. These sponges are widely distributed throughout the world’s oceans, inhabiting a variety of marine environments.
Characteristics
Geodiidae sponges are characterized by their spicule structure. Their skeletal elements, known as spicules, are primarily composed of siliceous (glassy) materials. They possess a distinctive type of spicule known as "megascleres" which are large and often arranged in a radial pattern. The megascleres are typically "strongyles," which are straight and needle-like, but can also be "tylostyles," which are needle-like with a knob-shaped head.
Geodiid sponges often exhibit vibrant colors, ranging from bright yellows and oranges to deep reds and purples. Their surfaces can be smooth or covered in a network of ridges and bumps. Some species possess intricate patterns that resemble lace or woven baskets.
Environments
Geodiidae sponges thrive in a variety of marine environments, from shallow coastal waters to the deep sea. They are often found attached to rocks, coral reefs, and other hard substrates. Some species may be found in soft sediment habitats, where they burrow or anchor themselves to the seafloor.
Genera
The family Geodiidae includes a diverse range of genera, including:
- Geodia
- Plakortis
- Stelletta
- Anomalogeodia
- Trachyderma