Fungiidae
Fungiidae, commonly known as mushroom corals, are a family of stony corals belonging to the order Scleractinia. These corals are characterized by their distinctive mushroom-like shape, with a large, flat, upper surface (the “cap”) supported by a single, central stalk (the “stem”). Fungiidae corals are found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, typically inhabiting shallow reef environments.
Characteristics
Fungiidae corals exhibit several unique characteristics that distinguish them from other coral families:
- Mushroom-shaped morphology: As their common name suggests, they possess a distinct mushroom-like form with a broad, flat cap and a single, central stalk. This shape allows them to efficiently capture sunlight and filter food particles.
- Free-living lifestyle: Unlike many other coral species, fungiid corals are free-living, meaning they can detach from the substrate and move around. This allows them to seek out optimal conditions for growth and reproduction.
- Large polyp size: Fungiidae corals have relatively large polyps compared to other corals, with some species possessing polyps that can reach several centimeters in diameter.
- Complex skeletal structures: Their skeletons are highly complex, featuring intricate patterns of ridges, grooves, and pores. These structures provide structural support and enhance their ability to filter food.
- Bioluminescent properties: Some species of Fungiidae corals are known to exhibit bioluminescence, emitting a faint light when disturbed or stressed.
Environment
Fungiidae corals are primarily found in shallow, tropical and subtropical waters, with a preference for clear, well-lit environments. They typically inhabit coral reefs, lagoons, and seagrass beds, where they can access ample sunlight and food. They are often found in areas with moderate water currents, which help to deliver food and oxygen.
References
For further information on Fungiidae corals, you can consult the following resources: