Fromia

Characteristics

Cushion stars typically possess five stout, blunt arms that are indistinctly separated from the central disc. Their bodies are covered in small, granular ossicles (bony plates) that create a rough, textured surface. The aboral (upper) surface of the body is often adorned with vibrant colors, ranging from bright reds and oranges to yellows and blues. Many species also exhibit intricate patterns, such as spots, stripes, or lines, that contribute to their unique appearance.

Environment

Fromia species are predominantly found in shallow, tropical waters associated with coral reefs, rocky shores, and sandy bottoms. They are often observed among the branches of corals, hiding beneath rocks, or foraging on the seafloor. These starfish are primarily active at night, feeding on a variety of food sources, including algae, sponges, and small invertebrates.

Notable Species

The genus Fromia includes over 20 recognized species, some of which are particularly noteworthy for their striking appearance or ecological importance. Here are a few examples:

• Fromia monilis (Monile Cushion Star): Known for its distinctive, necklace-like pattern of white spots on a deep red background. This species is commonly found in the Indo-Pacific region.
• Fromia milleporella (Thousand-Pores Cushion Star): Characterized by its large, star-shaped pores distributed across the aboral surface. This species inhabits coral reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific region.
• Fromia indica (Indian Cushion Star): Found in the Indian Ocean, this species is notable for its vibrant orange or red body with a distinct, darker central disc.

References

For further information about Fromia and its various species, consult the following online resources:

• World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)
• Wikipedia