Favites
Favites is a genus of colonial stony corals in the family Merulinidae. They are commonly known as “brain corals” due to the grooved, convoluted surface of their colonies, resembling the folds of a brain. Favites are widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region, playing a significant role in coral reef ecosystems.
Characteristics
Favites corals are characterized by their massive, dome-shaped or encrusting colonies, which can grow to considerable sizes. Their corallites, the individual polyp compartments, are typically large and polygonal, separated by deep, prominent grooves. The corallite walls are thick and robust, often exhibiting a distinct "brain-like" pattern. Favites polyps are typically short and stout, with numerous tentacles arranged in a ring around the mouth. The color of Favites colonies varies, ranging from shades of brown, green, and yellow to vibrant orange and purple.
Environments
Favites corals prefer clear, shallow waters with strong sunlight and moderate water flow. They are commonly found on reef slopes, lagoon floors, and outer reef flats. Favites are tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions, including moderate levels of sedimentation and nutrient enrichment.
Reproduction
Favites reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction involves the release of eggs and sperm into the water column, leading to the formation of planula larvae. These larvae disperse and settle on suitable substrata, developing into new colonies. Asexual reproduction occurs through fragmentation, where a portion of the colony breaks off and grows into a new individual.
Ecological Importance
Favites corals play a crucial role in coral reef ecosystems. They provide habitat and shelter for a diverse range of marine organisms, including fish, invertebrates, and algae. The coral skeletons also contribute to the structural integrity of the reef, protecting shorelines from erosion and providing a foundation for other reef-building organisms.
Threats
Like many other coral species, Favites are threatened by a variety of anthropogenic and natural stressors. These include climate change-induced ocean warming and acidification, pollution, overfishing, and destructive fishing practices. Coral bleaching events, caused by elevated water temperatures, can severely damage or kill Favites colonies.