Eratoidae

Common Names

Eratoidae are commonly referred to as "Eratoid Snails" or "Eratoid Cowries" due to their resemblance to cowries. Some species are known by more specific common names, such as the "Trumpet Eratoid" (Eratoidias alveolus) or the "Striped Eratoid" (Eratoidias euglyptus).

Characteristics

Eratoid snails have a distinctive shell morphology. Their shells are generally small, oval, and somewhat flattened, resembling miniature cowries. Their shells lack a true columella, instead featuring a wide, open aperture that is often brightly colored or patterned. The surface of the shell can be smooth, granular, or ribbed, and they often exhibit a glossy, porcelain-like finish. The outer lip of the shell is usually thickened and often has a toothed edge.

Unlike many other Conoidea, Eratoidae possess a radula with small, tooth-like structures, and they lack a true operculum. These snails are also known for their complex venom glands and specialized harpoons, which they use to paralyze their prey. The venom of Eratoidae is potent and can be dangerous to humans. However, they are generally not aggressive and rarely bite unless provoked.

Environment

Eratoidae are found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. They typically inhabit shallow, rocky reefs and coral ecosystems, where they find shelter among crevices and under rocks. They are often found in association with sponges, algae, and other invertebrates.

These snails are primarily carnivores, preying on other marine mollusks, including other snails, bivalves, and even other Conoidea species. They use their venomous harpoons to inject a paralyzing toxin into their prey, allowing them to consume the immobilized organism.

References

For further information, please consult the following reliable resources:

• World Register of Marine Species
• PubMed
• The Veliger