Ephippidae
Ephippidae, commonly known as the “spade-fishes” or “saddleback fishes”, are a family of marine fish in the order Perciformes. The name “Ephippidae” is derived from the Greek word “ephippium,” meaning “saddle,” which refers to the prominent saddle-shaped marking on the dorsal part of their bodies. They are characterized by their laterally compressed bodies, with the dorsal fin extending nearly the full length of the back, and a unique body shape resembling a spade or a saddle. These striking features distinguish them from other fish species.
Characteristics
Ephippidae are known for their distinct physical traits, including:
- Laterally compressed bodies: Their bodies are flattened from side to side, giving them a thin, almost pancake-like appearance.
- Prominent saddle-shaped marking: A characteristic feature is the saddle-shaped marking on their back, typically a darker color than the rest of their body.
- Dorsal fin extending nearly full length: The dorsal fin runs almost the entire length of their back, providing excellent stability in the water.
- Varied color patterns: The species within Ephippidae exhibit a wide range of color patterns, often blending in with their surroundings, such as coral reefs.
- Large mouths: They possess relatively large mouths, enabling them to consume a variety of prey.
Environments
Spade-fishes are primarily found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. They are generally associated with coral reefs, rocky reefs, and seagrass beds, where they find shelter and ample food sources. These fish are often observed in shallower waters but are known to venture into deeper depths during certain life stages. Their adaptability to diverse environments contributes to their global distribution.
Behavior
Ephippidae are generally solitary fish, although they may gather in small groups for feeding or spawning. Their diet consists primarily of invertebrates, such as crustaceans, mollusks, and worms. They use their large mouths to suction their prey, often lurking in crevices or near the seabed to ambush unsuspecting animals.
Reproduction
Spade-fishes are oviparous, meaning they reproduce by laying eggs. The females release eggs that are externally fertilized by the males. Spawning usually occurs in shallow, sheltered areas, with eggs often attaching to seaweed or other substrates. The eggs hatch into larvae, which eventually metamorphose into juveniles and then adults.