Dugongidae
Dugongidae is a family of large, fully aquatic herbivorous mammals within the order Sirenia. They are commonly referred to as dugongs, sea cows, or sea pigs. Dugongids have a streamlined body, flipper-like forelimbs, and a horizontal fluke-like tail. They are characterized by their large, blunt head with a fleshy snout and two prominent tusks in males. Dugongids are adapted to a marine lifestyle, having a thick layer of blubber for insulation and a specialized respiratory system that allows them to stay submerged for extended periods.
Common Names
The term "dugong" typically refers to the only extant species, Dugong dugon, but it can also be used more broadly for all members of the family. Other common names include "sea cow" and "sea pig". The latter name is due to their tendency to root through the seafloor for food, similar to pigs.
Characteristics
Dugongids share several common characteristics that distinguish them from other sirenians. They are the only fully aquatic members of the order, meaning they spend their entire lives in the water. Dugongids have a streamlined body shape, horizontal fluke-like tail, and flipper-like forelimbs, all of which are adaptations for efficient swimming. They also have a large, blunt head with a fleshy snout and prominent tusks in males. These tusks are used for digging up food and for defense.
Dugongids are herbivores and rely on a diet of seagrasses. They have specialized teeth for grazing and a digestive system adapted for processing large quantities of vegetation.
Environment
Dugongids inhabit tropical and subtropical coastal waters with abundant seagrass beds. They are found in the Indo-Pacific region, ranging from East Africa to the eastern Pacific Ocean. Dugongids are typically found in shallow, sheltered waters, often in lagoons, estuaries, and bays.