Dactylopteriformes
Dactylopteriformes is an order of ray-finned fishes comprising the flying gurnards or flying fish, a group of about 13 species. These fishes are notable for their large, wing-like pectoral fins, which they use to glide through the water and occasionally leap out of the water. The order is found in marine waters worldwide, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions.
Common Names
Members of Dactylopteriformes are commonly known as flying gurnards or flying fish. They are also sometimes referred to as sea robins or flying gurnards, although these names can also be applied to other fish species.
Characteristics
Dactylopteriformes share a number of key characteristics that distinguish them from other fish orders. Some of the most prominent features include:
- Large, wing-like pectoral fins: These fins are used for gliding through the water and can be extended to create a large surface area.
- Elongated, slender bodies: This shape helps to reduce drag as they move through the water.
- Fused gill membranes: Unlike most bony fishes, these fishes have their gill membranes fused to their throats, leaving a single opening for water to enter.
- Three free fin rays on the ventral surface: These rays are used for walking on the seafloor.
- Barbels on the chin: These are sensory organs that help the fish to detect prey.
Environments
Flying gurnards are found in a variety of marine environments, including:
- Coastal waters: They are often found in shallow, coastal waters, where they can use their pectoral fins to maneuver among rocks and coral reefs.
- Continental shelves: They are also found on the continental shelves, where they feed on a variety of invertebrates.
- Open ocean: Some species of flying gurnards can be found in the open ocean, where they use their wing-like fins to glide long distances.