Crangonidae

Crangonidae is a family of decapod crustaceans commonly known as “sand shrimp” or “brown shrimp”. They are small, burrowing shrimps found in marine and brackish waters worldwide, particularly in coastal regions. Their bodies are laterally compressed and elongate, with a distinctive rostrum that extends forward from the carapace. They typically range in size from 2 to 10 centimeters, with females generally larger than males.

Philocheras trispinosus

Common Shrimp, Brown Shrimp – Crangon crangon

Characteristics

Members of the Crangonidae family share several key characteristics:

  • Body Shape: They have a laterally compressed and elongate body with a distinct rostrum.
  • Size: They are typically small, ranging from 2 to 10 centimeters in length.
  • Antennae: They have a pair of long, slender antennae that are used for sensing their surroundings.
  • Eyes: They have large, compound eyes that are well-adapted for vision in their shallow, sandy habitats.
  • Coloration: Their coloration varies depending on the species and their environment, ranging from translucent to brownish-gray.
  • Burrowing Behavior: They are burrowers, often residing in the soft sediment of the seafloor.

Environments

Crangonidae species are found in a variety of marine and brackish water habitats, including:

  • Coastal Areas: They are particularly abundant in coastal waters, where they live in shallow, sandy bottoms.
  • Estuaries: Some species can tolerate brackish water and are found in estuaries and inlets.
  • Intertidal Zones: They may occur in intertidal zones, where they are exposed to periods of low tide.

Diet and Ecology

Crangonidae shrimps are primarily carnivorous, feeding on a variety of small organisms, including:

  • Polychaetes: They prey on worms that live in the sediment.
  • Amphipods: They feed on small, crustacean-like organisms.
  • Small Fish: Some species may occasionally prey on small fish.
  • Detritus: They may also scavenge on dead organic matter.

Crangonidae shrimps play an important role in the marine ecosystem as both prey and predators. They are a food source for larger fish, birds, and other marine animals.

Economic Importance

Certain Crangonidae species, such as the common shrimp (Crangon crangon), are commercially important. They are harvested for human consumption and are a significant part of the seafood industry in some regions.

References

Further information about Crangonidae can be found in these resources: