Cheilio

Cheilio is a genus of wrasses in the family Labridae. The genus contains three species, all of which are found in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. They are commonly known as “wrasses” or “rainbow wrasses” due to their vibrant and iridescent coloration. These fish are characterized by their elongated, compressed bodies, with a prominent hump on their head.

Cigar wrasse – Cheilio inermis

Characteristics

Cheilio species exhibit a wide range of vibrant colors, often displaying iridescent hues of blue, green, and yellow. They have a distinct, protruding lower jaw, which gives them a distinctive "underbite" appearance. Their lips are fleshy and thick, and they have a single dorsal fin that extends along their back, as well as pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins. They possess a small, terminal mouth with numerous rows of small, bristle-like teeth.

Environment and Distribution

Cheilio species are primarily found in coral reefs and rocky shores in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. They prefer shallow, clear waters with abundant coral cover and a variety of prey. They are generally solitary fish, though they can be seen in small groups, especially during spawning season.

Species

The three species of Cheilio are:

  • Cheilio inermis (Forsskål, 1775) - Commonly known as the "black-banded wrasse" or "orange-barred wrasse."
  • Cheilio kleinii (Bloch, 1791) - Commonly known as the "rainbow wrasse" or "kleinii's wrasse."
  • Cheilio undulatus (Rüppell, 1835) - Commonly known as the "undulated wrasse" or "black-spotted wrasse."

Diet and Behavior

Cheilio species are primarily carnivorous, feeding on a variety of invertebrates, including crustaceans, mollusks, and worms. They are opportunistic feeders and will also consume small fish. These fish are known for their complex courtship rituals, where males display elaborate colors and movements to attract females.

Conservation Status

The conservation status of Cheilio species varies depending on the specific species and region. Some species are considered to be of Least Concern, while others are listed as Near Threatened due to overfishing and habitat destruction.

References

Further information on Cheilio can be found at these reliable sources: