Carangiformes
Carangiformes is an order of perciform fish that includes a wide variety of commercially important and ecologically significant species. These fish are found in marine waters around the world, inhabiting a diverse range of habitats, from shallow coastal areas to the open ocean. They are characterized by their streamlined bodies, strong swimming abilities, and often, a distinctive compressed and deep body shape. Carangiformes are important members of marine food webs, serving as prey for larger fish and marine mammals and, in turn, consuming a variety of smaller organisms.
Common Names
Carangiformes are commonly referred to as jacks, scads, pompanos, and horse mackerel. These names often reflect the specific family or genus within the order, but the overall term carangiform encompasses this diverse group of fishes.
Characteristics
The defining features of Carangiformes include:
- Streamlined bodies: This shape minimizes drag in the water, allowing for efficient swimming.
- Strong swimming abilities: Carangiforms are known for their speed and agility, often employing bursts of speed to chase prey or evade predators.
- Compressed and deep body shape (often): This shape is common in many Carangiformes, particularly those that live in open water. The deep body provides greater stability and maneuverability.
- Scales: Carangiforms typically have small, cycloid scales, which are smooth and rounded.
- Teeth: These fish have sharp, conical teeth adapted for catching and consuming prey.
- Dorsal fins: They possess two dorsal fins, the first of which is typically spiny and the second is soft-rayed.
- Lateral line: Carangiforms have a lateral line, a sensory system that detects vibrations and pressure changes in the water. This line is often curved or arched, particularly in species with deep bodies.
Environments
Carangiform fishes occupy a wide range of marine environments, including:
- Coastal areas: Many species inhabit shallow coastal waters, often near reefs, estuaries, or rocky shores.
- Open ocean: Some Carangiformes, such as tuna and mackerel, are highly pelagic, living in the open ocean.
- Tropical and subtropical waters: Carangiformes are particularly abundant in warm waters, but some species are found in temperate regions as well.