Campanulariidae
Campanulariidae is a family of hydroids belonging to the order Leptothecata. They are a diverse group of colonial animals, commonly known as campanularian hydroids, that are found in marine environments worldwide. Campanulariidae are characterized by their distinctive bell-shaped polyps, known as hydranths, which are responsible for feeding and defense.
Characteristics
Campanularian hydroids exhibit a variety of morphologies, but they share several key characteristics. Their colonies are typically small and delicate, often resembling tiny trees or bushes. They are composed of individual polyps connected by a network of tubes called stolons. These polyps are typically divided into two types: hydranths and gonophores.
- Hydranths: The feeding polyps, responsible for capturing prey with their tentacles. They are often bell-shaped, with a ring of tentacles around the mouth.
- Gonophores: Reproductive polyps, responsible for producing medusae, the free-swimming stage of the life cycle.
Campanulariidae are often characterized by their distinctive hydrothecae, which are protective cups that enclose the hydranths. These hydrothecae can vary in shape and size, providing a valuable diagnostic feature for identification.
Environment
Campanularian hydroids are found in a variety of marine environments, from shallow coastal waters to deeper oceanic zones. They are often attached to substrates such as rocks, seaweeds, and other marine organisms. Some species may be free-floating, attaching themselves to drifting objects.