Balanophyllia
Balanophyllia is a genus of solitary, stony corals in the family Dendrophylliidae. These corals are commonly found in the Indo-Pacific region, ranging from the Red Sea to the Eastern Pacific. They are distinguished by their distinctive mushroom-shaped polyps, which can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.
Common Names
Balanophyllia corals are commonly known as "mushroom corals" due to their characteristic shape. Some species are also referred to as "plate corals" or "cup corals."
Characteristics
Balanophyllia corals exhibit several key features:
- Solitary: Unlike many other corals, Balanophyllia species do not form colonies. Each polyp is an individual organism.
- Stony: These corals have a hard, calcareous skeleton that provides support and protection.
- Mushroom-shaped: The polyps have a distinct mushroom-like shape, with a broad, flat oral disc and a narrow, cylindrical base.
- Colorful: Balanophyllia corals come in a variety of colors, including brown, green, red, and orange.
- Zooxanthellae: Like most reef-building corals, Balanophyllia species host symbiotic dinoflagellates called zooxanthellae, which provide them with nutrients through photosynthesis.
Environments
Balanophyllia corals prefer to live in shallow, clear waters with moderate water flow. They are often found on rocky reefs, coral rubble, and seagrass beds. These corals can tolerate a range of environmental conditions, including varying light levels and temperatures.
References
For further information on Balanophyllia, please refer to the following resources: