Anilocra
Anilocra is a genus of parasitic isopods in the family Cymothoidae, commonly known as fish lice. These crustaceans are obligate parasites, meaning they must live on a host to survive. They are known to infest a wide range of fish species, primarily in tropical and subtropical waters.
Characteristics
Anilocra species are characterized by their flattened, elongated bodies, which are adapted for clinging to the surface of their hosts. They have a distinct head with a pair of antennae and powerful mandibles used for feeding. Their legs are modified for holding onto the host, with the first pair often having claw-like structures. They lack a carapace, unlike other isopods, leaving their bodies exposed.
Environment
Anilocra species are found in both marine and brackish water environments. They are most common in warm waters but can tolerate colder temperatures. The presence of suitable host fish is essential for their survival, and they are often found in areas with high fish populations.
Host Range
Anilocra parasites have a wide host range, including:
- Groupers
- Snappers
- Wrasses
- Sharks
- Rays
Life Cycle
The life cycle of Anilocra involves several stages, including:
- Free-swimming larvae: The initial stage of development, where the larvae are free-swimming and must find a suitable host.
- Juvenile stage: Once a host is found, the larvae attach and develop into juvenile parasites, which are smaller versions of the adult form.
- Adult stage: Adult Anilocra are sexually mature and can reproduce on the host. Females produce eggs, which are released into the water, completing the life cycle.
Impact on Hosts
Anilocra infestations can have a negative impact on their host fish. The parasites may cause:
- Tissue damage due to feeding
- Stress and reduced growth
- Increased susceptibility to disease
References
For more information on Anilocra, refer to the following sources: