Acanthurus
Acanthurus is a genus of surgeonfish, a group of marine fishes found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. These fish are named for the sharp, scalpel-like spines located on either side of their tails, which they use for defense and in territorial disputes. Acanthurus species are known for their vibrant coloration, which varies depending on the species and its environment.
Common Names
Acanthurus species are commonly known as surgeonfish, doctorfish, or tangs. The name "surgeonfish" refers to the sharp spines on their tails, while "doctorfish" is derived from the belief that these fish could "heal" wounds by scraping them with their spines. The name "tang" is often used as a general term for surgeonfish, particularly in the aquarium trade.
Characteristics
Acanthurus species are characterized by their laterally compressed bodies, which are typically oval or elongated in shape. They have small mouths with brush-like teeth and are herbivores, feeding primarily on algae. Most species have a distinctive, brightly colored tail fin, which is often edged with a black or white margin. The most striking feature of these fish is the presence of the sharp, scalpel-like spines located on either side of their tails. These spines are used for defense and can inflict painful wounds.
Environment
Acanthurus species are found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, primarily in coral reefs and rocky shores. They are often found in large schools and are essential herbivores, playing a critical role in maintaining the health and balance of coral reef ecosystems.