Whitespotted char – Salvelinus leucomaenis

Salvelinus leucomaenis, commonly referred to as the “Dolly Varden”, is a species of fish belonging to the salmon family (Salmonidae). Found in various freshwater and brackish water environments, this species is a significant part of the Arctic and North Pacific ecosystems.

Description & Characteristics

Salvelinus leucomaenis is known for its distinct appearance, characterized by a slender body shape and a slightly compressed head. The fish typically ranges in size from 20 to 70 cm, though individuals exceeding 120 cm have been documented. Their dorsal surface is usually brown to olive green, with darker spots scattered across their sides and fins. The belly is typically lighter in color, ranging from white to pale yellow.

Habitat and Occurrence

Salvelinus leucomaenis exhibits a wide distribution across diverse habitats, encompassing both freshwater and brackish water environments. They are commonly found in cold, clear streams, lakes, and rivers with rocky bottoms and ample vegetation. They are also known to inhabit coastal areas, particularly estuaries and the lower reaches of rivers where freshwater mixes with saltwater. These fish are adapted to a wide range of depths, typically residing between 0 and 50 meters. Their presence in the North Pacific and Arctic regions makes them a prominent species in these marine zones.

Taxonomy

Salvelinus leucomaenis is classified within the Order Salmoniformes, which also includes other well-known fish like trout and salmon. This species belongs to the Family Salmonidae, a group known for their distinct physical characteristics and biological features.

Feeding

Salvelinus leucomaenis are opportunistic predators, feeding on a variety of aquatic organisms, including insects, crustaceans, and smaller fish. Their diet varies based on their habitat and the availability of prey. In freshwater environments, they often feed on insects, while in coastal areas, they may target crustaceans and smaller fish. Their ability to adapt to diverse food sources contributes to their widespread distribution and success.