The Variable Dorid, Pancake Aphelodoris – Aphelodoris varia is a species of colorful sea slug belonging to the family Dorididae. This fascinating nudibranch is known for its striking appearance and its specialized diet.
Description & Characteristics
Aphelodoris varia is a medium-sized dorid nudibranch, reaching a maximum size of around 5 centimeters. Its body is typically oval-shaped and flattened, earning it the nickname “Pancake Aphelodoris”. The coloration of Aphelodoris varia is highly variable, with individuals exhibiting a wide range of patterns and hues. This variability in appearance is reflected in its common name, “Variable Dorid”. The body can be adorned with blotches, stripes, and spots in shades of white, yellow, orange, red, brown, and black. These vibrant colors often serve as a form of camouflage, helping them blend into their surroundings.
Habitat and Occurrence
Aphelodoris varia is found in the intertidal zone and shallow subtidal waters, typically at depths ranging from 0 to 20 meters. This species is common in the northeast Atlantic Ocean, including the British Isles, France, Spain, and Portugal. It is also known to occur in the Mediterranean Sea. The Variable Dorid, Pancake Aphelodoris is often found on rocky reefs, kelp forests, and seagrass meadows. It prefers areas with moderate currents and a good supply of food. Its distribution is primarily concentrated in the infralittoral zone, a marine zone characterized by the presence of seaweed and abundant plant and animal life.
Taxonomy
Aphelodoris varia is classified within the Class: Gastropoda, Order: Nudibranchia, and Family: Dorididae. This classification reflects the evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics with other sea slugs and gastropod mollusks.
Feeding
Aphelodoris varia is a specialist feeder, relying solely on sponges as its food source. This dietary specificity is a common feature among nudibranchs, many of which have evolved to consume particular types of prey. The Variable Dorid, Pancake Aphelodoris uses its radula, a ribbon-like structure with rows of teeth, to scrape and ingest sponge tissue. The sponge’s chemical defenses are absorbed by the nudibranch and used for its own protection.
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