The Tiara-urchin, Pencil Urchin, Imperial Urchin, scientifically known as Phyllacanthus imperialis, is a distinctive and fascinating species of sea urchin. With its striking appearance and unique adaptations, this marine invertebrate holds a significant place in the diverse world of ocean life.
Description & Characteristics
Phyllacanthus imperialis is easily recognized by its large, robust, and somewhat cylindrical body, which can reach a maximum size of around 15 centimeters in diameter. Its most prominent feature is its long, slender, and sharp spines that radiate outward from its test (the hard, calcified shell). These spines, which are typically reddish-brown in color, can grow up to 10 centimeters long, providing the urchin with an effective defense mechanism against potential predators.
Habitat and Occurrence
The Tiara-urchin, Pencil Urchin, Imperial Urchin, Phyllacanthus imperialis, is commonly found in a variety of marine habitats. It thrives in subtidal, sublittoral, and infralittoral zones of the oceans, from the lower limit of the intertidal zone to the shelf edge at approximately 200 meters in depth. These zones, collectively known as the neritic zone, provide the urchin with suitable conditions for growth and survival.
Taxonomy
The species Phyllacanthus imperialis belongs to the Class: Echinoidea, the Order: Cidaroida, and the Family: Cidaridae. This classification highlights the taxonomic relationships of the species within the larger group of sea urchins.
Feeding
Phyllacanthus imperialis is an opportunistic omnivore, with its diet consisting mainly of invertebrates, such as small crustaceans and worms, and sponges. Its long, sharp spines help it to maneuver through its environment and reach food sources. The urchin’s feeding habits play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance of its marine habitat.
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