Red gurnard – Chelidonichthys cuculus

Chelidonichthys cuculus, commonly known as the cuckoo gurnard, is a species of marine fish belonging to the family Triglidae. This fish is recognized for its distinct appearance and fascinating behaviors, making it a subject of interest for marine biologists and enthusiasts alike.

Description & Characteristics

The cuckoo gurnard, Chelidonichthys cuculus, can reach a maximum size of 70.0 cm. This fish is characterized by its elongated body shape and a distinctive, large head with a prominent snout. The color of the cuckoo gurnard can vary, ranging from reddish-brown to gray, with darker blotches or spots. The most striking feature of this species is its three finger-like appendages, or “rays,” located on its lower jaw. These appendages are thought to be used for sensing the seabed and detecting prey.

Habitat and Occurrence

Chelidonichthys cuculus is a demersal fish, meaning it typically inhabits the bottom of the seafloor. It has a wide depth range, occurring between 15.0 and 400.0 meters. This species can be found in a variety of marine zones, including the continental shelf and slope, demonstrating its adaptability to different environments. This adaptability is reflected in its diverse distribution throughout the North Atlantic Ocean.

Taxonomy

The species Chelidonichthys cuculus belongs to the Class: Teleostei, Order: Perciformes, and Family: Triglidae. The Teleostei class encompasses a vast majority of ray-finned fishes, with a wide range of shapes, sizes, and adaptations. The Perciformes order, containing the cuckoo gurnard, is the largest order of vertebrates, encompassing nearly 40% of all known fish species. The Triglidae family, to which Chelidonichthys cuculus belongs, is known for its characteristic finger-like appendages, a trait shared by the cuckoo gurnard.

Feeding

Chelidonichthys cuculus is a carnivorous fish, primarily feeding on crustaceans, mollusks, and small fish. The three finger-like appendages on its lower jaw play a crucial role in its feeding behavior. They are used to probe the seabed, detect prey, and manipulate food.