Hydrophis melanocephalus

, Hydrophis melanocephalus, Hydrophis melanocephalus

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Hydrophis melanocephalus, commonly known as the black-headed sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake found in the Indo-Pacific region. These snakes are adapted to a marine lifestyle, spending their entire lives in the ocean.

Description & Characteristics

Hydrophis melanocephalus is characterized by its slender body and laterally flattened tail, typical adaptations for an aquatic lifestyle. The snake’s dorsal surface is typically a dark brown or black color, contrasting sharply with its pale ventral surface. The head of Hydrophis melanocephalus is relatively small and distinct, giving rise to its common name. The average adult length is around 1 meter, with some individuals reaching up to 1.5 meters. They possess venom glands, making them potentially dangerous to humans, although bites are relatively rare.

Habitat and Occurrence

Hydrophis melanocephalus primarily inhabits coastal waters of the Indo-Pacific region. These snakes are commonly found in the coral reefs, seagrass meadows, and mangrove swamps of this area, making it a prevalent presence in these aquatic ecosystems. Their distribution extends from the Indian Ocean to the Western Pacific, with a depth range typically less than 50 meters. The marine zones most commonly associated with Hydrophis melanocephalus include the neritic zone, which encompasses coastal waters, as well as the epipelagic zone, which is the sunlit surface layer of the ocean.

Taxonomy

Hydrophis melanocephalus belongs to the Class Reptilia, Order Squamata, and Family Elapidae. This family is known for its venomous snakes, which include cobras, taipans, and kraits. Within the Elapidae family, Hydrophis melanocephalus is classified within the genus Hydrophis, which comprises numerous species of sea snakes adapted to life in the ocean.

Feeding

Hydrophis melanocephalus primarily feeds on fish, which they hunt and subdue using their venomous bite. Their diet typically consists of smaller fish species, which they locate and capture using their keen senses. Hydrophis melanocephalus, like many sea snakes, is known for its ability to stay submerged for extended periods, allowing them to pursue and capture prey underwater. Their streamlined bodies and flattened tails enhance their swimming efficiency, making them agile predators in the marine environment.

Associated Species

Image References

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