Heliaster canopus, commonly known as the “Sun Star”, is a large and striking species of starfish. This fascinating marine invertebrate is a distinctive inhabitant of the Pacific Ocean, capturing attention with its vibrant colors and unique morphology.
Description & Characteristics
Heliaster canopus is easily recognizable due to its numerous arms, which can range from 10 to 24 in number. These arms are long, slender, and taper towards their tips, giving the starfish a distinct star-like appearance. The color of Heliaster canopus varies widely, with individuals exhibiting hues of orange, red, yellow, and even brown. The surface of the starfish is covered in numerous small, granular spines, giving it a slightly rough texture. These spines are not sharp and serve as protection against predators. The average size of Heliaster canopus is around 12 inches in diameter, but it can grow up to a maximum of 24 inches, making it one of the largest starfish species.
Habitat and Occurrence
Heliaster canopus is a common inhabitant of the eastern Pacific Ocean, extending from California to the Gulf of California. It is primarily found in the shallow coastal waters of this region, particularly in the intertidal zone and down to depths of around 600 feet. This starfish is most frequently encountered in rocky reefs, kelp forests, and sandy bottoms. It is particularly abundant in areas with strong currents and a diverse array of marine life, as these environments provide suitable conditions for foraging and reproduction.
Taxonomy
Heliaster canopus belongs to the Class Asteroidea, which encompasses all starfish species. It is further classified within the Order Forcipulatida, a group of starfish characterized by the presence of specialized pincers called pedicellariae, which are used for defense and cleaning. Finally, it is part of the Family Heliasteridae, which includes other large, multi-armed starfish with a similar appearance and habitat preferences.
Feeding
Heliaster canopus is a carnivorous starfish, primarily feeding on a variety of invertebrates, including mollusks, crustaceans, and even other starfish. It uses its numerous arms to engulf and pry open its prey, and then everts its stomach to digest the food externally.
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