Harmothoe aculeata is a species of marine polychaete worm belonging to the family Polynoidae. These worms, commonly known as scale worms, are characterized by their flattened bodies and overlapping scales, or elytra, which cover their dorsal surface.
Description & Characteristics
Harmothoe aculeata typically reaches a maximum size of approximately 20 millimeters in length. Its body is segmented and possesses numerous parapodia, which are paired, fleshy appendages that aid in locomotion. These worms also feature a distinct head with a pair of antennae, four eyes, and a pair of palps that function as sensory organs. The most distinguishing feature of Harmothoe aculeata is its dorsal surface covered by numerous, overlapping elytra. These scales are typically brown to reddish-brown in color, and they contribute to the worm’s protective and camouflage capabilities.
Habitat and Occurrence
Harmothoe aculeata is commonly found in intertidal and subtidal habitats, typically inhabiting rocky substrates, seaweeds, and marine invertebrates. These worms are particularly prevalent in the neritic zone, which extends from the shoreline to the edge of the continental shelf, ranging from depths of 0 to 200 meters. This distribution pattern highlights the adaptability of Harmothoe aculeata to various marine environments.
Taxonomy
Harmothoe aculeata belongs to the Class Polychaeta, an extensive group of segmented worms characterized by the presence of numerous bristle-bearing parapodia. Within this class, it is classified under the Order Phyllodocida, which comprises polychaetes with well-developed, leaf-like parapodia. Finally, Harmothoe aculeata is a member of the Family Polynoidae, known for their distinctive elytra, which contribute to their common name, scale worms.
Feeding
Harmothoe aculeata is a carnivore, feeding primarily on small invertebrates such as crustaceans and other polychaetes. They are active predators, using their parapodia and jaws to capture and consume prey. This predatory lifestyle is essential for maintaining the balance of the benthic ecosystems they inhabit.
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