Coronula reginae, commonly known as the “whale barnacle”, is a species of barnacle that is found on the skin of whales, particularly baleen whales. These barnacles are highly adapted to their unique environment and play a crucial role in the marine ecosystem.
Description & Characteristics
Coronula reginae is characterized by its distinctive conical shape, resembling a miniature volcano. The barnacle’s shell, or “mantle,” is typically white or cream-colored and can reach a maximum size of up to 5 centimeters in diameter. The shell is composed of six calcareous plates, arranged in a symmetrical pattern, with a small opening at the top called the “operculum.” This opening allows the barnacle to extend its feeding appendages, called “cirri,” into the water to filter food.
Habitat and Occurrence
Coronula reginae is a highly specialized species that is exclusively found attached to the skin of whales, particularly baleen whales. The barnacles typically attach to the whale’s skin in areas with high water flow, such as the back, head, and flippers. These barnacles can occur in large numbers on their host, forming dense clusters. Coronula reginae is found in all the world’s oceans, inhabiting both temperate and tropical waters. They are most prevalent in the epipelagic and mesopelagic zones, the uppermost layers of the ocean, where their whale hosts spend most of their time.
Taxonomy
Coronula reginae belongs to the Class Thecostraca, which encompasses a wide variety of crustaceans, including barnacles. Within this class, the barnacle falls under the Order Balanomorpha, a group characterized by their sessile, or immobile, lifestyle. Coronula reginae is further classified under the Family Coronulidae, a family that includes other species of barnacles that are adapted to living on whales or other marine mammals.
Feeding
Coronula reginae is a filter feeder, relying on a specialized feeding mechanism to obtain nourishment. The barnacle extends its cirri, feathery appendages located within the operculum, into the surrounding water. These cirri trap tiny food particles, such as plankton and other microscopic organisms, which are then transported to the barnacle’s mouth. Coronula reginae plays an important role in the marine food web by consuming a significant amount of plankton, contributing to the overall balance of the ecosystem.
Image References