Pastinachus ater, commonly known as the black stingray, is a species of ray belonging to the family Dasyatidae. It is a relatively large species, reaching a maximum size of 200 cm in length. This species, like many of its relatives, possesses a venomous spine located on its tail, which it uses as a defensive mechanism.
Description & Characteristics
The black stingray, Pastinachus ater, is easily recognizable by its dark, almost black coloration, which is unique among its close relatives. Its body is flattened, as is typical for rays, with a broad, disc-shaped pectoral fin that extends from the head to the tail. The tail is relatively long and whip-like, featuring a serrated dorsal fin and the venomous spine. The ventral surface of the body is lighter in color, often a shade of grayish-white, and is where the gills are located. This species, like most stingrays, has a pair of small, round eyes located on the top of its head.
Habitat and Occurrence
Pastinachus ater is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region, inhabiting both coastal and oceanic waters. Its preferred habitat includes sandy or muddy bottoms, often near coral reefs or rocky outcrops. The species is typically found in depths ranging from the shallow intertidal zone to depths of 100 meters. This range suggests that the species adapts well to varying marine conditions. The distribution of Pastinachus ater extends across several marine zones, encompassing the tropical and subtropical regions of the Indo-Pacific. This broad distribution reflects its adaptability to a variety of environments, making it a common presence in these ecosystems.
Taxonomy
The species Pastinachus ater belongs to the Class: Elasmobranchii, Order: Myliobatiformes, and Family: Dasyatidae. This family, also known as the stingray family, includes over 70 species, many of which are found in tropical and subtropical waters. The class Elasmobranchii encompasses all sharks, rays, and skates, while the order Myliobatiformes includes eagle rays, stingrays, and manta rays.
Feeding
Pastinachus ater is a carnivorous species that feeds primarily on a variety of benthic invertebrates, including crustaceans, mollusks, and worms. It uses its specialized, flattened teeth to crush and grind its prey before swallowing it. The species typically uses its keen sense of smell to locate prey, which it then captures using its powerful pectoral fins. This efficient hunting strategy makes it a successful predator within its marine habitat.
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