Pseudobatos horkelii, commonly known as the Horkelii guitarfish, is a species of ray found in the western Atlantic Ocean. This unique fish is characterized by its flattened body shape and long, pointed snout, reminiscent of a guitar. Its distinctive appearance and fascinating biology make it a subject of interest for marine biologists and enthusiasts alike.
Description & Characteristics
Pseudobatos horkelii exhibits a flattened, somewhat rectangular body shape typical of guitarfishes. It can reach a maximum size of 138.0 cm, though individuals typically remain smaller. Its dorsal surface is covered in small, granular denticles, while its ventral surface is smooth. The color of Pseudobatos horkelii can vary from brown to grayish-brown, often with darker blotches or markings. The fish possesses a pair of large, pectoral fins, which are fused to the head and function as “wings” for swimming. Its pelvic fins are small and located near the tail, which is whip-like and bears a single, prominent dorsal fin.
Habitat and Occurrence
Pseudobatos horkelii is a demersal species, meaning it primarily dwells on the bottom of the ocean. It is found in a depth range of 1.0 – 150.0 meters, inhabiting a variety of habitats, including sandy bottoms, coral reefs, and rocky areas. This species is commonly found in the western Atlantic Ocean, specifically in the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and along the coasts of the southeastern United States. It is considered a resident of the neritic zone, which encompasses the waters over the continental shelf, where it plays a significant role in the marine ecosystem.
Taxonomy
Pseudobatos horkelii belongs to the Class: Elasmobranchii, Order: Rhinopristiformes, and Family: Rhinobatidae. This family encompasses a diverse group of cartilaginous fishes, commonly known as guitarfishes, characterized by their unique body shape and flattened bodies. They are classified under the Order Rhinopristiformes, which also includes skates and sawfishes. All members of this order are part of the Class Elasmobranchii, a large group of fish that includes sharks, rays, and skates.
Feeding
Pseudobatos horkelii is a carnivorous fish, feeding primarily on benthic invertebrates, including crustaceans, mollusks, and polychaete worms. Its diet may also include small fish and other marine life. It locates its prey using its sensitive electroreceptors, which detect the electrical fields generated by moving organisms. Pseudobatos horkelii uses its powerful jaws and sharp teeth to crush and consume its prey.
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