Atrina tuberculosa, commonly known as the tuberculate pen shell, is a large and striking species of marine bivalve mollusk. This species is found in a variety of habitats and is notable for its unique appearance and its ecological importance.
Description & Characteristics
The tuberculate pen shell is a large bivalve, with individuals reaching up to 60 cm in length. The shell is elongated and wedge-shaped, with a prominent beak at the anterior end. The exterior of the shell is covered in numerous, irregular tubercles, giving it a rough and textured appearance. These tubercles are more pronounced along the hinge line, where they form a series of ridges. The shell of Atrina tuberculosa can vary in color from white to brown, often with a reddish-brown tinge. The interior of the shell is pearly and iridescent, with a distinctive sheen. The mantle, the fleshy lining of the shell, is typically a pale cream color and is adorned with a series of sensory tentacles that help the bivalve detect prey and predators.
Habitat and Occurrence
Atrina tuberculosa is a common inhabitant of shallow, coastal waters. It prefers sandy or muddy bottoms, often in areas with a moderate current. This species is found in both the intertidal zone and the subtidal zone, typically occurring at depths of up to 50 meters. The tuberculate pen shell is found in a range of marine zones, including the neritic zone and the epipelagic zone. This distribution reflects its adaptation to a variety of environments and its ability to thrive in both shallow and deeper waters. Atrina tuberculosa plays a crucial role in the marine ecosystem by providing habitat for other organisms, such as small fishes and invertebrates.
Taxonomy
Atrina tuberculosa is classified within the Class: Bivalvia, Order: Ostreida, and Family: Pinnidae. This classification reflects the evolutionary relationships between this species and other bivalve mollusks, highlighting its membership in a group that includes oysters and other filter-feeding organisms.
Feeding
Atrina tuberculosa is a filter feeder, meaning it obtains its food by filtering microscopic organisms from the surrounding water. Its gills are highly specialized for this task, possessing a large surface area that allows for efficient filtration. The bivalve draws water into its body through a siphon, and as the water flows through its gills, food particles become trapped in mucus. These particles are then transported to the mouth where they are ingested. Atrina tuberculosa plays a vital role in the marine ecosystem by contributing to the filtration of water and the removal of suspended particles.
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