African Penguin, Black-footed Penguin, Jackass Penguin – Spheniscus demersus

The African Penguin, Black-footed Penguin, Jackass Penguin – Spheniscus demersus is a species of penguin found on the coasts of southwestern Africa. This penguin, with its distinctive black and white plumage, has a fascinating history and plays a vital role in the marine ecosystems it calls home.

Description & Characteristics

The Spheniscus demersus is a medium-sized penguin, reaching a maximum size of around 70 cm (28 inches) in height. It possesses a distinctive black and white plumage, with a black head and back, a white belly, and a black stripe extending from the eyes to the chest. The penguin’s eyes are dark brown, and its bill is short and stout, adapted for catching prey. These penguins also have a black band across their chest. Unlike some other penguin species, Spheniscus demersus does not have a distinct breeding plumage.

Habitat and Occurrence

The Spheniscus demersus is found along the coasts of southwestern Africa, inhabiting islands and rocky shores. They are predominantly found in the Benguela Current, a cold, nutrient-rich current that supports a rich and diverse ecosystem. The Benguela Current runs along the western coast of South Africa and Namibia, and is a major upwelling zone, meaning that nutrient-rich water from the deep ocean is brought to the surface. This upwelling provides ample food for fish and other marine life, including the Spheniscus demersus. The African Penguin occurs in the Temperate and Subtropical marine zones, primarily within the Benguela Current.

Taxonomy

The species Spheniscus demersus belongs to the Class: Aves, Order: Sphenisciformes, and Family: Spheniscidae. The family Spheniscidae encompasses all penguin species, which are characterized by their flightless nature, specialized wings for swimming, and upright posture.

Feeding

The Spheniscus demersus is a carnivorous bird, feeding primarily on a variety of fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Their diet includes sardines, anchovies, herring, jackfish, krill, mysis, and sepia. They are skilled divers, capable of reaching depths of up to 130 meters (430 feet) in search of prey. These penguins use their sharp beaks and strong tongues to catch and swallow their meals.