Geography

Saudi Arabia's landscape is largely desert, with vast stretches of sand dunes, rocky plateaus, and dry wadis (riverbeds). The country is characterized by a hot, arid climate with low rainfall. The Red Sea and the Persian Gulf form its western and eastern coastlines, respectively, while its southern border is shared with Oman and Yemen. The highest point in the country is Mount Sawda' in the Asir region, reaching a height of 3,133 meters (10,279 ft). The country is home to several important geographical features, including the Empty Quarter (Rub' al Khali), the world's largest contiguous sand desert, and the Najd plateau, a high, rocky region in central Saudi Arabia.

Population

Saudi Arabia has a population of over 36 million people, with a large majority being of Arab ethnicity. The country's demographics are characterized by a young population with a median age of 28.6 years. The vast majority of the population is concentrated in urban areas, primarily in the major cities of Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam. While Arabic is the official language, various other languages are spoken throughout the country, including English, Urdu, and other regional dialects. The country is also home to a significant number of expatriates, who make up a substantial portion of the workforce.

Culture

Saudi Arabian culture is deeply rooted in Islamic tradition and values. The country's social norms and customs reflect a conservative interpretation of Islam. While a modernizing influence can be found in urban areas, traditional values remain strong. The country is also home to a rich cultural heritage, including traditional music, dance, and poetry. Major cultural events include the annual Janadriyah Festival, showcasing Saudi Arabia's heritage and traditions, and the Jeddah Season, a month-long arts and cultural festival.

Economy

Saudi Arabia's economy is heavily dependent on oil, which accounts for the majority of its export earnings and government revenue. The country is the world's largest oil exporter and holds significant influence on global oil prices. The government is actively working to diversify its economy, focusing on industries like tourism, manufacturing, and technology. The Vision 2030 plan aims to reduce dependence on oil and develop a more sustainable and diversified economy.

History

The Arabian Peninsula has a long and rich history, with evidence of human settlements dating back thousands of years. The modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by King Abdulaziz Al Saud, who unified the various regions of the country. The discovery of oil in the 1930s transformed Saudi Arabia's economy and propelled it onto the world stage. The country played a significant role in the Middle East and the world during the Cold War and continues to hold a prominent position in global politics today.

Major Landmarks

Saudi Arabia is home to many significant landmarks, including:

• The Kaaba: A cube-shaped structure in Mecca, considered the holiest site in Islam. Muslims around the world face towards the Kaaba during their daily prayers.
• Masjid al-Haram: The Grand Mosque in Mecca, which surrounds the Kaaba and is the largest mosque in the world.
• Masjid al-Nabawi: The Prophet's Mosque in Medina, built around the tomb of the Prophet Muhammad.
• The Empty Quarter: The world's largest contiguous sand desert, offering unique landscapes and challenging terrain.
• Madâin Sâlih: An ancient city in northwestern Saudi Arabia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with impressive rock-cut tombs and inscriptions.
• Al-Ula: An ancient oasis city, home to the Nabataean tombs at Hegra, another UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the ancient city of Dedan.