Geography

Latvia is a predominantly flat country, with a low-lying coastal plain, the Vidzeme Upland, and a small, hilly region in the south. The country has approximately 1,200 lakes, the largest of which is Lake Lubāns. The Daugava River, the longest river in Latvia, flows through the country from its source in Russia to the Baltic Sea.

Population

Latvia is a predominantly Latvian-speaking country, with a sizable Russian-speaking minority. The population is largely concentrated in urban areas, with Riga accounting for almost a third of the total population. The country's population has been declining since the 1990s, mainly due to emigration and low birth rates.

Culture

Latvian culture is a rich blend of traditional and modern influences. The country is known for its folklore, music, literature, and handicrafts. The traditional Latvian folk song, known as the "dainas," is an important part of Latvian cultural heritage. Latvian music ranges from traditional folk music to modern pop and rock. The country has a vibrant literary scene, with prominent writers such as Rainis and Jānis Rainis.

Economy

Latvia's economy is largely based on services, including tourism, banking, and IT. The country is also a major producer of wood products, textiles, and food. Latvia joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone in 2014. The country has a highly developed infrastructure, including modern airports, roads, and telecommunications networks.

History

Latvia has a long and complex history. The region was inhabited by the Balts from ancient times. In the 13th century, Latvia was conquered by the Teutonic Knights and incorporated into the Livonian Order. In the 16th century, Latvia was divided between Poland-Lithuania and Sweden. In the 18th century, Latvia was annexed by the Russian Empire. Following the Russian Revolution, Latvia declared its independence in 1918. However, Latvia was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 and incorporated into the Soviet Socialist Republic of Latvia. Latvia regained its independence in 1991.

Major Landmarks

Latvia is home to several notable landmarks, including:

• Riga's Old Town: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Riga's Old Town is a beautiful example of Hanseatic architecture.
• The House of the Blackheads: A stunning 14th-century guildhall, the House of the Blackheads is one of the most recognizable buildings in Riga.
• Sigulda Castle: A medieval castle located in the picturesque town of Sigulda, the castle is a popular tourist destination.
• The Gauja National Park: One of the largest national parks in Latvia, the Gauja National Park is known for its beautiful forests, rivers, and cliffs.
• The Jurmala Beach: A popular summer resort, Jurmala Beach is a long stretch of sandy beach located on the Baltic Sea.