Geography

Finland encompasses a total area of 338,145 square kilometers (130,558 sq mi), making it the eighth largest country in Europe. The country is characterized by its diverse landscape, with rolling hills, vast forests, numerous lakes, and a long coastline along the Baltic Sea. The Finnish Lakeland is a region in the south-central part of the country, known for its numerous lakes and picturesque islands. Northern Finland is dominated by the Lapland region, which includes the Arctic Circle. The highest point in Finland is Haltiatunturi, which lies on the border with Norway.

Population

Finland has a population of approximately 5.5 million people, with the majority residing in urban areas. The population density is relatively low, with about 16 people per square kilometer. The official language is Finnish, while Swedish is a minority language spoken by about 5% of the population. Finnish is a Finno-Ugric language, while Swedish is a North Germanic language. The population of Finland is predominantly of Finnish origin, with a small number of Sami people living in the north.

Culture

Finnish culture is rich in tradition and folklore. Sauna, a traditional Finnish steam bath, is an integral part of the national identity. Finnish music is diverse, ranging from traditional folk music to contemporary pop and rock. The country is also known for its distinctive design and architecture, characterized by simplicity and functionality. Finnish literature is renowned for its authors such as Aleksis Kivi, Väinö Linna, and Mika Waltari. The Finnish education system is highly regarded, with a strong emphasis on equality and accessibility.

Economy

Finland has a highly developed market economy with a strong focus on technology, innovation, and sustainable development. The country is a leading producer of forest products, telecommunications equipment, and electronics. Other major industries include metalworking, machinery, and shipbuilding. Finland has a high standard of living, with a strong social welfare system. The currency of Finland is the euro.

History

Finland has a long and fascinating history, dating back to the Stone Age. The country was part of the Kingdom of Sweden for centuries before gaining independence in 1917. During World War II, Finland fought against the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War. After the war, Finland remained neutral in the Cold War. The country joined the European Union in 1995.

Major Landmarks

Finland is home to numerous historical and cultural landmarks, including:

• Helsinki Cathedral: A neoclassical Lutheran cathedral located in the heart of Helsinki.
• Suomenlinna Fortress: A UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the archipelago of Helsinki. It is a 18th-century fortress that served as a military base for both Sweden and Russia.
• The National Museum of Finland: A museum showcasing the history and culture of Finland, from prehistoric times to the present day.
• The Sibelius Monument: A sculpture dedicated to the renowned Finnish composer Jean Sibelius.
• The Rock Church: A unique church carved into a solid rock in Helsinki.
• Lapland: The northernmost region of Finland, known for its stunning scenery, including the Northern Lights and the Arctic Circle.
• The Åland Islands: An autonomous province of Finland located in the Baltic Sea, known for its picturesque landscapes and rich maritime history.