Geography

Brunei is a small country with a total land area of 5,765 square kilometres (2,226 sq mi), making it the sixth smallest country in Southeast Asia. It is mostly low-lying and covered in dense rainforest, with some mountainous areas in the interior. The highest point in Brunei is Bukit Pagon, at 1,880 metres (6,170 ft) above sea level. The country has a coastline of 160 kilometres (99 mi) along the South China Sea. Brunei's geography is characterized by its lush tropical rainforests, which cover approximately 70% of the country. These forests are home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, including endangered species like the orangutan and the proboscis monkey. The country has a number of rivers, the largest of which is the Brunei River, which flows through the capital city of Bandar Seri Begawan and empties into the South China Sea.

Population

The population of Brunei was estimated to be around 440,000 in 2022. The majority of the population is Malay, with smaller numbers of Chinese, Indian, and indigenous groups. The official language of Brunei is Malay, but English is widely spoken and used in government and business. Brunei is a predominantly Muslim country, with Islam being the state religion. Other religions practiced in Brunei include Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism.

Culture

Brunei's culture is deeply rooted in Malay tradition and Islamic values. The country has a rich cultural heritage, with a strong emphasis on music, dance, and storytelling. Traditional Malay arts and crafts are still practiced and cherished in Brunei. The country is known for its vibrant festivals, including the Hari Raya Aidilfitri (Eid al-Fitr), which marks the end of Ramadan, and the Hari Raya Aidiladha (Eid al-Adha), which is celebrated in remembrance of Prophet Ibrahim's sacrifice.

Economy

Brunei's economy is heavily reliant on its oil and natural gas reserves. The country is a major producer of these resources, and they account for the majority of its exports and government revenue. Brunei is considered a high-income country, with a high standard of living. The government provides free healthcare and education to its citizens. The country has a highly developed infrastructure, including modern roads, airports, and seaports. The government is working to diversify the economy and reduce its dependence on oil and gas.

History

The history of Brunei dates back to the 14th century, when it was a powerful sultanate that controlled much of the island of Borneo. In the 16th century, Brunei converted to Islam and established strong trade links with other countries in the region. The sultanate declined in the 19th century, but it was able to retain its independence under British protection. Brunei became a British protectorate in 1888, and it gained its independence in 1984. Brunei is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, and it maintains close ties with the United Kingdom.

Major Landmarks

Brunei has a number of notable landmarks, including:

• The Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque: This mosque is considered to be one of the most beautiful in Southeast Asia. It is located on the banks of the Brunei River and features a golden dome and minarets.
• The Istana Nurul Iman: This is the official residence of the Sultan of Brunei. It is the largest residential palace in the world, and it is known for its lavish decorations and extensive grounds.
• The Kampong Ayer: This is a village built on stilts over the Brunei River. It is a unique example of traditional Malay architecture, and it is home to thousands of people.
• The Ulu Temburong National Park: This park is located in the Temburong District, and it is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. It is a popular destination for hiking, kayaking, and birdwatching.