Geography

Azerbaijan covers an area of 86,600 square kilometers (33,400 sq mi) and has a varied landscape. The Greater Caucasus Mountains dominate the north, reaching heights of over 4,000 meters (13,000 ft). The south is characterized by the arid lowlands of the Kura-Araxes Lowland, which includes the largest salt lake in the world, Lake Urmia. Azerbaijan also possesses a unique geological feature: the Gobustan National Park, known for its ancient rock carvings and petroglyphs.

Population

Azerbaijan has a population of approximately 10.1 million people, with a majority of Azerbaijani Turks (91.6%). Other ethnic groups include Lezgins, Russians, and Armenians. The capital and largest city is Baku, situated on the Caspian Sea coast. Other significant cities include Ganja, Sumgait, and Lankaran.

Culture

Azerbaijani culture is a vibrant mix of Eastern and Western influences. The country has a rich musical tradition, with folk music and traditional instruments like the tar and saz being popular. Azerbaijani cuisine is diverse and flavorful, with dishes like pilaf, dolma, and kebab being popular throughout the country. The country also has a vibrant art scene, with traditional carpets, miniatures, and calligraphy being highly regarded.

Economy

Azerbaijan's economy is predominantly based on oil and gas production, with the country holding the world's fourth-largest proven reserves of natural gas. The country also has a growing non-energy sector, with industries such as manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism developing rapidly. Azerbaijan has made significant investments in infrastructure, including roads, railways, and airports, to improve connectivity and attract foreign investment.

History

Azerbaijan has a long and rich history, dating back to ancient times. The region was part of the ancient Silk Road, connecting East and West. In the 19th century, Azerbaijan became part of the Russian Empire. In 1918, Azerbaijan declared its independence, but this was short-lived, as it was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1920. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan regained its independence in 1991.

Major Landmarks

Azerbaijan has numerous historical and cultural landmarks, including:

• The Maiden Tower: An ancient tower located in Baku, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• The Old City of Baku: A historic district of Baku, with narrow cobblestone streets and traditional architecture.
• The Flame Towers: A modern complex of three skyscrapers in Baku, known for their unique design resembling flames.
• Gobustan National Park: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, featuring ancient rock carvings and petroglyphs.
• The Heydar Aliyev Center: A contemporary architectural masterpiece designed by Zaha Hadid, housing cultural and exhibition spaces.