Geography

The Arctic is defined by the Arctic Circle, an imaginary line at 66.5° north latitude. Within this circle, the sun remains below the horizon for at least 24 hours during the winter solstice and above the horizon for at least 24 hours during the summer solstice. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's oceans, surrounded by landmasses of North America, Eurasia, and Greenland. The Arctic includes various geographical features, including the vast tundra, icy seas, glaciers, and permafrost.

Population

The Arctic is home to a diverse population of indigenous peoples, including the Inuit, Sámi, Nenets, and others. These communities have historically relied on the region's resources for sustenance and cultural practices. The overall population of the Arctic is relatively small, with an estimated 4 million people living within the region.

Culture

Arctic cultures are deeply connected to the environment and its resources. Traditional practices include hunting, fishing, reindeer herding, and the use of natural materials for clothing, tools, and shelter. Storytelling, music, and art are essential elements of Arctic cultures, often reflecting the challenges and beauty of the region.

Economy

The Arctic economy is primarily based on natural resource extraction, including oil, gas, minerals, and fishing. Tourism is also growing in importance, with visitors drawn to the region's unique landscapes and wildlife. The Arctic is also a critical shipping route, especially during the summer months when the sea ice melts.

History

The Arctic has been inhabited for millennia by indigenous peoples who have adapted to its harsh conditions. European exploration of the Arctic began in the 16th century, with expeditions seeking new trade routes and resources. The 20th century witnessed increased scientific research and military activity in the region. Today, the Arctic is a focal point of global interest due to its potential resources, strategic location, and the impacts of climate change.

Major Landmarks

The Arctic is home to several iconic landmarks, including:

• **North Pole:** The geographic North Pole is the northernmost point on Earth.
• **Greenland Ice Sheet:** The largest ice sheet outside of Antarctica, covering most of Greenland.
• **Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis):** A spectacular natural light display visible in the night sky.
• **Fjords:** Deep, narrow inlets carved by glaciers, found in Norway and Greenland.
• **Tundra:** Vast treeless plains characterized by low-growing vegetation and permafrost.